Benefits of Exchange-traded fund

Investor benefits of an ETF:

reduced exposure to the risks associated with trading single shares
straightforward access to the performance of key indices and sectors
no stamp duty to pay (duty already paid on the underlying investments)
low annual management costs compared to other pooled investment vehicles ( the costs are built into the fund pricing)
daily continuous pricing mirror the share price performance of the underlying investments
flexibility in the timing of purchases and sales
availability online and with stock-market settlement systems

Investors cannot attend shareholder meetings of the underlying equities as you own shares in the ETF, not in the underlying shares. The cost of trading in ETFs shares is the same as other share dealing service charges, with the same dealing commission for trading ETFs as for other equities. Importantly, there is no Stamp Duty to pay on an ETF, as the fund managers have already paid duty when buying the underlying shares - there are no additional charges for the individual shareholder.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_traded_fund

Governance

Governance relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. It consists either of a separate process or of a specific part of management or leadership processes. Sometimes people set up a government to administer these processes and systems.

In the case of a business or of a non-profit organization, governance relates to consistent management, cohesive policies, processes and decision-rights for a given area of responsibility. For example, managing at a corporate level might involve evolving policies on privacy, on internal investment, and on the use of data.

The word governance derives from Latin origins that suggest the notion of "steering". One can contrast this sense of "steering" a group or society with the traditional "top-down" approach of governments "driving" society. Distinguish between governance's "power to " and governments' "power over".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance

Corporate governance Definition

In A Board Culture of Corporate Governance business author Gabrielle O'Donovan defines corporate governance as 'an internal system encompassing policies, processes and people, which serves the needs of shareholders and other stakeholders, by directing and controlling management activities with good business savvy, objectivity and integrity. Sound corporate governance is reliant on external marketplace commitment and legislation, plus a healthy board culture which safeguards policies and processes'.

O'Donovan goes on to say that 'the perceived quality of a company's corporate governance can influence its share price as well as the cost of raising capital. Quality is determined by the financial markets, legislation and other external market forces plus the international organisational environment; how policies and processes are implemented and how people are led. External forces are, to a large extent, outside the circle of control of any board. The internal environment is quite a different matter, and offers companies the opportunity to differentiate from competitors through their board culture. To date, too much of corporate governance debate has centred on legislative policy, to deter fraudulent activities and transparency policy which misleads executives to treat the symptoms and not the cause.

It is a system of structuring, operating and controlling a company with a view to achieve long term strategic goals to satisfy shareholders, creditors, employees, customers and suppliers, and complying with the legal and regulatory requirements, apart from meeting environmental and local community needs.

Report of SEBI committee (India) on Corporate Governance defines corporate governance as the acceptance by management of the inalienable rights of shareholders as the true owners of the corporation and of their own role as trustees on behalf of the shareholders. It is about commitment to values, about ethical business conduct and about making a distinction between personal & corporate funds in the management of a company.” The definition is drawn from Gandhian principle of trusteeship and Directive Principle of constitution. Corporate Governance is viewed as ethics and a moral duty.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_governance

Yangzijiang Mid-day Doji Candlestick Formation

Doji candlestick formation indicating bulls and bears are locked in stalemate situation. Market indecision at crucial position because price needs to make a higher peak above previous sub-peak at $1.35 to create a better technical footing for possible change in minor trend from down bias to a more positive outlook. Clearing the 20 days EMA resistance will trigger a challenge to take out $1.47 to $1.55 resistance zone. Forming a sub-peak that is lower than $1.35 shows weakness in current mini price rally and price pullback may eventually break $1.20 to $1.16 support zone.